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Mitigating Risks of Hybrid War: Search for an Effective Energy Strategy in The Baltic States
Volume 4, Issue 2 (2018), pp. 23–32
Arūnas Molls   Claudia Palazzo   Kaja Ainsalu  

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https://doi.org/10.2478/jobs-2018-0009
Pub. online: 30 December 2018      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access

Received
14 October 2018
Accepted
14 November 2018
Published
30 December 2018

Abstract

Meanwhile, energy security is threatened in new domains - maritime and cyber. In the maritime domain, military operations target construction works of the new objects as well as operating interconnectors, cables, LNG terminals, and other strategic assets. Regular situational awareness in the Baltic Sea region is lacking, as is sufficient naval and civilian maritime cooperation. In the cyber realm attacks become more frequent and more complex, critical infrastructure being the main target. As cyber security expertise and exercise are lacking and integration into European natural gas and electricity systems is not completed, blackout scenario in Baltic States remains possible.

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Open Access. ©
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Keywords
hybrid threats energy security

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Journal on Baltic Security

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