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Journal on Baltic Security


Lessons Identified from Ukraine: The Bid for the Estonian Total Defence Concept
Volume 11, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 58–87
Pub. online: 30 June 2025      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access
Received
8 April 2025
Accepted
8 June 2025
Published
30 June 2025

Abstract

This article analyses Estonia’s strategic response to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, emphasising the revival of the total defence concept. The authors argue that it is a shift in Estonia’s deterrence posture – from deterrence by punishment to deterrence by denial that has been pushing this revival. Since the 2010s, Estonia transitioned away from a total defence posture towards a comprehensive defence strategy. This deterrence shift results in bringing back total defence. However, it merges the two defence concepts. Reemerging total defence efforts can be seen in the expansion of Estonia’s conventional defence capabilities, increased military spending, and investments in long-range precision weapons. This conventional focus has brought along a strong push in matters concerning resilience, such as societal preparedness at large and public education. These latter elements are shared among notions of both comprehensive and total defence.

References

Notes

1. IRIS-T - infrared imaging system tail/thrust vector-controlled air defence system.
2. ‘CAESAR’ is s a French elf-propelled 155 mm howitzer installed on a 6x6 truck chassis.
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Russian aggression against Ukraine lessons identified comprehensive defence Estonia total defence

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