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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JOBS</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal on Baltic Security</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2382-9230</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2382-9222</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>BDC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JOBS-11-2-JOBS-2025-003</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57767/jobs_2026_003</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Situational Awareness for Proactive Rerouting: Enhancing Resilience in Submarine Communication Cables</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-9793</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Liwång</surname>
            <given-names>Hans</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:hans.liwang@fhs.se">hans.liwang@fhs.se</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_000">Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3996-9279</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Frisk</surname>
            <given-names>Thomas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_001">Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4081-6376</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kindgren</surname>
            <given-names>Jonas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_002">, Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden. Johan Sigholm, Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-9800</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sigholm</surname>
            <given-names>Johan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_003">Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-3900</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Boschetti</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolò</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_004"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_004">Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-3256</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Frånberg</surname>
            <given-names>Oscar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_005"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_005">Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-7719</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Falco</surname>
            <given-names>Gregory</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_006"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_006">Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume content-type="ahead-of-print">0</volume>
      <issue>0</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>27</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Open Access. ©</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Liwång et al.</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Suspected sabotage to submarine communication cables (SCCs) across the world has raised questions about the resilience of these systems. Data communication networks typically use a network approach, which spreads the networks’ capacity across diverse routes to provide redundancy. This study takes a risk mitigation and resilience perspective by investigating the information needed to support proactive rerouting decision-making. This study reveals that appropriate situational awareness is dependent on specific, real-time information about hazards and threats to the cable in question. For an operator of an SCC, such a contribution is not possible without being interpreted as an integral stakeholder in defence.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>Submarine Data Communication</kwd>
        <kwd>Situational Awareness</kwd>
        <kwd>Hazards and Threats</kwd>
        <kwd>Cybersecurity</kwd>
        <kwd>Systems Science for Defence and Security</kwd>
        <kwd>Distributed Acoustic Sensing</kwd>
        <kwd>Decision-Making</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
