<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JOBS</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal on Baltic Security</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2382-9230</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2382-9222</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>BDC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JOBS-11-2-JOBS-2025-012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57767/jobs_2025_012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Educating Tomorrow’s Leaders: Human-AI Collaboration Patterns for Professional Military Education</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-8203</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Combes</surname>
            <given-names>William "Bill"</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:william.combes@baltdefcol.org">william.combes@baltdefcol.org</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_JOBS_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_JOBS_aff_000">Baltic Defence College</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>172</fpage>
      <lpage>218</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Open Access. ©</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>William Combes</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>We educate tomorrow’s military leaders for operations involving tools we cannot access, doctrine not yet codified, and threats evolving faster than curricula. This article presents empirical findings from systematic exploration of human-AI collaboration in military education involving thirteen Baltic-Nordic defence organisations. Through AI-assisted facilitated workshops, three empirically grounded patterns of human-AI collaboration emerged alongside a command-control distinction derived from practitioner wisdom. The probe-sense-respond methodology enabled pattern discovery where traditional planning approaches fail. Findings offer transferable frameworks for professional military education institutions navigating AI integration while maintaining human primacy in command authority. Regional collaboration achieved what no single institution could accomplish independently.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>Human-AI Collaboration</kwd>
        <kwd>Professional Military Education</kwd>
        <kwd>Complexity Theory</kwd>
        <kwd>Command-and-Control</kwd>
        <kwd>Baltic Defence Cooperation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
